A model for analysis of skeletal muscle contraction

Abstract

In this study, we present a comprehensive model of skeletal muscle contraction that accounts for both its mechanical and deformation properties. Unlike conventional models that treat muscle solely as a contractile element, the proposed framework integrates active and passive fiber components, offering a more accurate representation of biomechanical behavior. The model captures the dynamic interplay between contractile forces and elastic deformations within the muscle, providing insights into how microscopic mechanisms influence macroscopic motion. An analytical approach is also developed to examine the contraction process, enabling detailed evaluation of stress–strain relationships, energy distribution, and mechanical efficiency under various loading and activation conditions. This framework further allows direct comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental observations, supporting model validation and parameter optimization. Results indicate that incorporating deformation properties significantly improves the predictive accuracy of muscle performance, particularly in high-strain scenarios or under variable activation levels. The proposed approach offers a robust tool for advancing research in biomechanics, rehabilitation engineering, and the development of bio-inspired actuators. It may facilitate the design of more effective experimental studies and computational simulations.