<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" "journalpublishing.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-1306</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-1306</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.22105/thi.v1i1.24</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>PM2.5 prediction, Deep learning, Convolutional neural networks, Long short-term memory</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A combined CNN and LSTM model to predict PM2.5 ‎concentration in Vietnam</article-title><subtitle>A combined CNN and LSTM model to predict PM2.5 ‎concentration in Vietnam</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Phuong-Binh</surname>
		<given-names>Vo</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Faculty of Maths and Computer Science, Dalat University. No. 1, Phu Dong Thien Vuong St., Dalat City, ‎Lam Dong, Vietnam.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2024 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>A combined CNN and LSTM model to predict PM2.5 ‎concentration in Vietnam</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			In this paper, we propose a combined deep learning model of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict PM2.5 concentration in Dalat, a famous tourism city in Vietnam. CNN is utilized to extract spatial features of environmental images. The remaining component, LSTM, is designed for the training of spatial and temporal features to predict PM2.5 over a specific period. In our model, training data consists of environmental images and PM2.5 concentrations collected from lifelog on different roads in Dalat City, Vietnam. Experimental results show that the proposed combined CNN and LSTM model using both spatial and temporal features achieves superior PM2.5 concentration prediction accuracy compared to the traditional LSTM approach.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body></body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <p>null</p>
    </ack>
  </back>
</article>